Basic Doubts Regarding Drone and Its fundamentals | Beginner | Tools |

 Basic Things to be Known before making a Drone

As an aeronautical engineer, people always approached to me with lots of curiosity and questions about these flying machines. Recently the most common question is, How to make a drone? ,What basic things should I know? ,What tools and equipment are required?.

Drone technology is constantly peaking as new innovation and large investment are bringing more advanced drones to the market every  months. Drones can be used in different states like consumer, commercial and military use.

Drones are small RC aircraft you can pilot yourself.There are many Types of drones which you can build and operate, but a simple Quad copter is the easiest for beginners.

So let's get started with,the tools and parts you will need during the making a drone.

Basic Tools and Parts:

1) Multi-meter: It is required to measure voltages,current,and resistance of electronic parts.

2) Tape :  It is used to stick different parts.

3) Zip ties:  It is used to secure parts together.

4) Electrical tape : It is used to cover the metal parts of the wires to avoid short out.

5) Soldering iron : It is used to joint the several parts of drone.

6) Frame: The frame is the primary part of the drone.it is gonna bear the loads and hold the  parts together.

• The first thing is to decide how many arms are required for you drone.
• If your drone is having three motors,its Tri copter
• Quad copter:  It is having four motors.
• Hexa copter: It is having six motors.
• Octo copter: It is having eight motors.

• The carbon fiber frames are mainly available in market but you can also design on yours.
• The next thing you should knew about frame,is the size and the distance two motors from each other.

Nano Drone: 80-100 mm

Micro Drone: 100-150 mm

Small Drone: 150-250 mm

Medium Drone: 250-400 mm

Large Drone: 400+ mm

7) Motor: There are two main types of motors: Brushed and Brushless motors.

• Your cheap drone will going to use the brushed motor.But the brushed motors are much faster to break than brushless motor.while brushless motors last much longer and they are most preferable motor for drones.
• The main two things we should know while selecting the motor is size and KV rating.

8) Propellers : Propellers are used to producing wind to blow downwards. Once spinning fast enough, the wind is enough for the drone to lift it upwards and when the motors slow down it comes downwards.

• Propellers will always come with a four digit number.for example 6030.

9) Electronic Speed Controller (ESC): Brushless motor works on only DC voltage input,so it will need an electronic speed controller(ESC)

• The things you should remember during the choice of your ESC is range of input voltages.

10) Lithium polymer battery (also known as Lipo battery) : The power source the primary part of drone. It is going to power your all parts of drone.

• Lipo battery is great for its high capacity and output current.
• The things we should known before buying is its Lipo cell count( voltage ),capacity, and C-rating of battery.

11) Power distribution board : It is where your main electrical components will connect. It connects ESCs and battery connector.

12) Flight controller : It is a hub that all your parts are going to attach.parts like ESCs,GPS,telemetry,RC input,etc.

• Make sure your flight controller is supported to other equipment.

13) GPS: This modules used for the position and to locate the drone during flight.

14) RC controller: RC controller include the transmitter which is operated by a pilot, and a receiver to receive the commands from transmitter. we have to plug receiver into flight controller.

15) Estimating Thrust to Weight Ratio: To estimating Thrust to Weight Ratio, you have to first estimate your weight of the drone.

There also so many factors and cautions you have to take care of during making a drone. there are so many tutorials and kits available online, which gives you pre-assembling guides.